Content & Construction: EurekaBench is an expert-verified set of 26 long-horizon tasks spanning neuroscience, computer science, chemistry, astrophysics, geophysics, and plasma physics. It challenges AI agents to start from initial observations challenging existing understanding, conduct iterative experiments autonomously via a provided environment interface, investigate underlying mechanisms, and derive novel scientific insights.
Scoring & Key Findings: The evaluation framework assesses three axes: adherence to scientific constraints (common-sense assumptions), predictive accuracy of discovered mechanisms on test sets, and the ability to yield meaningful scientific insights. Empirical results show that while current AI agents can approach human levels in predictive accuracy, they substantially underperform humans in deriving novel scientific insights.